The Flat Arch and Santo Domingo Church

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The Dominican friars began to build their church and convent in new Panama immediately after the founding of the city. In Old Panama they had a substantial building of stone, and some of this entered into the edifice in the new city. In the fire of 1756 all the woodwork was burned and the church was not rebuilt. It is a typical piece of the architecture of the period, the façade still showing where the towers rose, and the little statue of Saint

Dominic still standing above the board front entrance. The church is situated on the corner of Avenue A and 3^rd Street. It is built of rubble masonry, with dimension stone in the façade, and was erected by the lay brothers of the order. It is 75 feet wide and 120 feet long. The nave is 70 feet deep. Instead of having side naves the church has three arches or vaults for shrines on each side, and one arch on each side for entrances, that on the street side for the people and on the side opposite as a means of entrance from the old monastery. The apse is 50 feet deep and is formed by three grand arches (one was shattered in the earthquake of 1882) and two side arches. Near the main entrance, forming on of the supports for the choir is a brink arch, spanning a space of 50 feet, 35 feet high at the crown and 25 feet at the spring. So flat an arch is said to be an engineering “sport,” and is pointed out as one of the sights of the city.

Much interest centers in the old Dominican Church at the corner of Avenue A and Third Street, because of the Flat Arch, fifty feet wide, that spans the portals. The woodwork of the church was burned in the fire of 1756 and was never rebuilt, but the flat arch still stands and the quaint legend that attaches to it is interesting.—The friar who was directing the construction of the church had the arch built as we see it standing, but it fell; a second effort was made to erect the arch and it fell again. It was then that the friar prayed for guidance. In a vision it was revealed to him just how it should be constructed, and so he placed the stones with his own hands just as we see them today and achieved an architectural triumph for it has remained intact, resisting earthquakes and time with no support other than the terminal arches, which fact has puzzled practical architects from all over the world. This old arch also played an important part in building the canal, for the reason that it had remained standing all these years was convincing proof that Panama was outside of the earthquake area, and this fact was a deciding factor in the momentous question of building a lock type canal when the question was being debated as to the feasibility of a sea-level or lock type.

The flat arch collapsed on Friday night, November 7, 2003

Map: Old Panama sightseeing

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1. King's Bridge

During that time, there was an important bridge that connected the old city of Panama to the trail of mules or Camino Real which was then used to carry the treasures of the New World to Spain. It was built between 1619 and 1634

2 San Jose Convent

The walls of San Jose Church and Convent are still visible and about 110 feet by 59 feet. It has smaller chapels on both sides of the main altar, which was the home of the "Golden Altar". This church belonged to the Agustine Monks. This altar was white washed and more colors painted on, just before Henry Morgan attacked the city. This plan to deceive the pirates worked and the altar was spared. This convent did not burn in the fire of 1671, due to its distance from the main part of town. The altar was moved to the new city of Panamá, into the new San Jose Church

3 Convento de Santo Domingo

Located North of the Plaza Mayor, it included a convent and a church built on one acre of land. This was run by the Dominican Friars, and was one of the smallest churchs in town. The convent was established in 1571, and the stone structure was constructed after 1590. These structures, were lost during the fire.

4 El Obispado

The home and offices of the Catholic Bishop for the colony

5 La Catedral

This was the most important church in the city, in the main plaza. Originally constructed of wood in 1535 and reinforced in 1580. The stone structure was started in 1610 and took 16 years to complete.

6 Cabildo Municipal

The Municipal Building was originally built behind the Cathedral. The building was destroyed in 1612 by an earthquake. When it was rebuilt, it was built of masonry, much large and relocated to the Plaza Mayor.

7 Casa de Genovese

Slave Market was built to house thousands of African slave, imported into Panamá to replace in Indians. The native Indians were insufficient in numbers to meet the large demand for labor. Especially for the transportation of the Treasures to the Caribbean and merchandise back across the Isthmus.

8 Casas Reales

Built in 1556, this complex included the Quartermaster Building, the Court, the Chancellory, the Gun Powder Deposit, the Royal Audience Court and the Residence of the Governor.

9 Jail

The local jail, used to house prisoners. This building was on the seawall, and was heavily damaged by the sea.

10 Kitchen

The main kitchens, used to cook the food for the slaves and garrison. This building was on the seawall, and was heavily damaged by the sea.

11 Matadero

This was the local slaughter house This building was on the seawall, and was heavily damaged by the sea.

12 San Juan de Dios Hospital 

Originally called San Sebastian's Hospital, this was built by the government and run by nuns until 1620, when the friars of San Juan, took over. The hospital includes grounds and a church.

13 Convento de San Francisco 

This convent was run by the Franciscan friars. The Franciscan's were among the first settlers in Panamá, sometime during the 1520's. They established their convent in 1573. In 1603, they constructed the church and monestary of stone. Most of the friars were killed rendering aid to the wounded, during the pirates attack.


14 Convento de La Merced

This is one of the most beautiful, of the ruins of the city. Francisco Pizarro and his men celebrated mass and had communion, before they started their third (final) expedition to Peru. This convent was used as Henry Morgan's headquarters, in 1671, after they saved it from the flames. The church was also used as a warehouse to store the Pirates booty.

15 Navidad Fort

This fort protected the western entrance to the city. It was constructed in 1658, and had a garrison of 50 men, 6 cannons and a small gun power deposit. The fort proved inefective against the Pirates.

16 Matadero Bridge

This bridge was also called the "Morgan Bridge" because this was the bridge that Morgan used to gain enterance to the city, in 1671. It was later called the Matadero Bridge, because it was used by the farmers, when they took their livestock to get slaughtered. This bridge is on the road to Cruces and el Castillo de San Lorenzo.

17 Convento de la Compania de Jesus & Church

Built in 1607, this stone structure was destroyed by fire in 1671, during Henry Morgan's attack. It was built by the Jesuits, who were late comers to the city. It probably served has a school, since the Jesuits established the first primary and secondary schools in Panamá

18 Iglesia de la Concepcion

The Sisters of Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception founded this convent in 1598, and it served as a girls school. First constructed of wood, it was later rebuilt of stone in 1690

19 Convento de la Concepcion

This was the convent that was next door the the church.

20 Monasterio de San Cristobal

Destroyed

Old Panama

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Old Panma (Panamá Viejo) is the remaining part of the old Panama City and former capital of the country. It is located in the suburbs of the modern city. Together with the historical district of Panamá, it forms a World Heritage Site.

The city was founded 15 August 1519 by Pedro Arias Dávila and other 100 inhabitants; at the time, it was the first permanent settlement on the Pacific Ocean, substituting the two cities of Santa María la Antigüa del Darién and Acla. Two years later, in 1521, the settlement was promoted to the status of city by a royal decree and was given a coat of arms by Charles V of Spain, forming a new cabildo. Shortly after its creation the city became a starting point for various expeditions in Peru and an important base where gold and silver were sent to Spain.

In 1539 and 1563, the city suffered some fires which destroyed parts of it but they did not harm the city's development. In 1610, the city reached a population of 5000, with 500 houses and some convents and chapels, a hospital and a cathedral.

At the beginning of the 17th century, the city was attacked several times by pirates and indigenous people from Darién. On 2 May 1620, an earthquake damaged many buildings in the city. On 21 February 1644, the Great Fire destroyed 83 religious buildings, including the cathedral. At this time, there were 8,000 people living in the city.

In 1670, the city counted 10,000 inhabitants. On 28 January 1671, the Welsh privateer Henry Morgan attacked the city with 1,400 men marching from the Caribbean coast across the jungle. Morgan's force defeated the city's militia then proceeded to sack Panamá. Either Morgan and his army started a fire that burned the city or the Captain General Don Juan Pérez de Guzmán ordered the gunpowder magazines exploded. Either way, the resulting fire destroyed the city. Morgan's attack caused the loss of thousands of lives and Panamá had to be rebuilt a few kilometres to the west on a new site (the current one).

Because the sacking of Panamá violated a new peace treaty between England and Spain, Morgan was arrested and conducted to England in 1672. He proved he had no knowledge of the treaty. Instead of punishment, Morgan was knighted by King Charles II of England in 1674 before returning to Jamaica the following year to take up the post of Lieutenant Governor

Recipe: Sancocho (Chicken Soup)

Ingredients:

Canola oil

1 onion

6 boneless, skinless chicken thighs

1 Teaspoon Dried Oregano Leaves

Salt

Pepper

1 quart chicken broth

2 lbs. ñame, peeled and chunked (potatos can be substituted)

1 yucca

3 carrots

About six cloves of garlic

About 4 tbsps. chopped cilantro

 

2 ears of corn

What I do:

I start by heating some canola oil in a large soup pot. I slice one of the onions into thin half circles and then throw those in and let them start cooking. Then I add the chicken, season with some oregano, salt and pepper and cook until the meat is done. Scoop out the chicken and onions and put in a bowl for later. (I use one of the onions so the chicken can absorb the flavor as it cooks). Save the juices in the pot to cook the root vegetables.

I cut the root veggies into cubes about an inch each way and add them to the pot in the order I think they will take longest to cook: sweet potato, yucca, potato, carrot As they cook and get tender, I gradually add chicken broth to the pot so they always have a little bit of liquid to cook in. I slice the rest of the onions into half rounds and throw those in, then season the mix with some more (maybe two tablespoons) of oregano, salt, and let cook for a few minutes. As they're cooking,

After the root veggies are pretty soft, I add the rest of the chicken broth and the corn (broken into half ears). I cut the chicken from the first step into chunks and add it (with the cooked onions) to the pot. Bring to a boil and then let simmer. The longer the better because the flavors will meld more. I always like my soups thicker, closer to a stew so I let mine go quite a while to thicken.

 

Recipe : Patacones (Fried Green Plantain)

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Typical Dinner & Show

 

3 green plantains
1 teaspoon salt
Pepeer
Garlic (optional )
Oil

Preparation:

1. Peel the plantains, the easiest way to peel a green plantain is to make the lengthwise cut on one of the angles, the cut should be skin deep without touching the actual flesh of the plantain, then use the knife to raise the skin and peel it off.
2. Cut the plantains into thick slices, you can make straight cuts or slightly diagonal cuts.
3. Heat the canola oil add the garlic ( optional ) over medium high heat in a frying pan – use enough oil to almost cover the plantain slices – or a deep fryer, temperature should be about 350 F, fry the plantains until they start to get yellow, but not golden.
4. Remove the plantains and place on paper towels to drain the oil.
5. Use a wood mortar and pestle (or the bottom of a glass jar or glass) to smash and flatten the plantains, do this gently to keep the slices from breaking, a few cracks is ok as long as the whole slice remains in one piece.
6. Sprinkle the plantain slices with salt and other seasonings (if using the raw garlic rub it on the slices).
7. Reheat the oil, temperature should be about 375 F and fry the plantains until golden on each side, about 1-2 minutes per side.
8. Remove from the oil, drain again on paper towels, and add additional seasoning if needed.
9. Serve warm as a side dish or as an appetizer with dipping sauces.

Guna Yala : Mamitupu

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A very traditional island, the making of coconut soap, sugarcane press. Focus on daily Guna tasks and also they sale a lot Guna molas



Mamitupu River

Guna Yala : Achutupu Island

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Achutupu is an Island  in Guna Yala. The island is home to a dense population of Guna people: one of the most densely populated in Guna Yala. It is a popular gateway to the rest of Guna Yala, though there is no place for tourists to stay the night.

Walking around Achutupu can be an interesting experience. All the women are dressed in Guna's traditional costume. Children in varying states of undress play in the streets and on the beaches. Many families own pigs.

Despite obvious overcrowding, islanders reserve space for a basketball court which, with the nearby stores, is the hub of local life. There is also a Gathering House, where the community governs its affairs. The Chicha House is the other important public building and is where islanders celebrate the coming-of-age of their girls.

What to do in Achutupu ?

 

Spend a day observing traditional Guna village life

Hire a boat to take you to one of the many surrounding islands

Ask about the large community gathering house in the center of the island: many important Guna   events take place here.

How we Celebrate Carnival in Panama ?

How much water is required to fill a lock chamber?

 

101,000 cubic meters of water are needed to fill a Panama Canal lock chamber. An average of 52 million gallons of fresh water are used in each transit.

What was the total construction cost of the Panama Canal ?

The total construction cost of the Panama Canal was of approximately US$375,000,000, which included the US$10 million paid to Panama, and US$40 million paid to the French Canal Company for the rights to the Canal. Some authors mention a cost of US$387,000,000, but this amount includes the expense of fortifying the Canal, which is a cost separate from the actual Canal construction.